ISO 15919 Reference

A quick reference document for transliterating Indic languages. This reference is for the macOS; Linux has a much more intuitive input using the Compose key (I don’t use Windows; if you are referring to this for Windows, you’re out of luck). This page contains letters from two of the scripts that I am familiar with, and covers all sounds in the various languages I speak and write.

Diacritic Key Combinations

DiacriticMeaningmacOS Option Key ComboExample
Macron ( ¯ )Long VowelOption + a → Letterā
Underdot ( . )Retroflex / Vocalic / VisargaOption + x → Letter
Underline ( _ )Alveolar / Special Tamiḻ LiquidsOption + h → Letter
Overdot ( ˙ )Velar NasalOption + w → n
Tilde ( ~ )Palatal NasalOption + n → nñ
Acute ( ´ )Palatal SibilantOption + e → sś

Vowels

DēvanāgarīTamiḻISO 15919macOS Key Combination
aa
āOption + a → a
ii
īOption + a → i
uu
ūOption + a → u
Option + x → r
Option + x → Option + a → r
Option + x → l (Vocalic l)
ee (Dravidian short e)
ēOption + a → e (Long e)
aia then i
oo (Dravidian short o)
ōOption + a → o (Long o)
aua then u
Option + x → m (Anusvāra)
Option + x → h (Visarga)
Option + h → k (Āytham)

Consonants

Velars (Kaṇṭhya)

DēvanāgarīTamiḻISO 15919macOS Key Combination
kak a
khak h a
gag a
ghag h a
ṅa(Option + w → n) a

Palatals (Tālavya)

DēvanāgarīTamiḻISO 15919macOS Key Combination
cac a
chac h a
jaj a
jhaj h a
ña(Option + n → n) a

Retroflexes (Mūrdhanya)

DēvanāgarīTamiḻISO 15919macOS Key Combination
ṭa(Option + x → t) a
ṭha(Option + x → t) h a
ḍa(Option + x → d) a
ḍha(Option + x → d) h a
ṇa(Option + x → n) a

Dentals (Dantya)

DēvanāgarīTamiḻISO 15919macOS Key Combination
tat a
that h a
dad a
dhad h a
nan a

Labials (Oṣṭhya)

DēvanāgarīTamiḻISO 15919macOS Key Combination
pap a
phap h a
bab a
bhab h a
mam a

Semivowels (Antaḥstha)

DēvanāgarīTamiḻISO 15919macOS Key Combination
yay a
rar a
lal a
vav a

Sibilants (Ūṣman) & Aspirate

DēvanāgarīTamiḻISO 15919macOS Key Combination
śa(Option + e → s) a
ṣa(Option + x → s) a
sas a
hah a

Additional Letters

DēvanāgarīTamiḻISO 15919macOS Key Combination
ḷa(Option + x → l) a (Retroflex l)
ḻa(Option + h → l) a (Retroflex lateral)
ṟa(Option + h → r) a (Alveolar r)
ṉa(Option + h → n) a (Alveolar n)